Suprax: Advanced Cephalosporin Therapy for Bacterial Infections
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Synonyms | |||
Suprax (cefixime) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic designed to target a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens with high efficacy and a well-established safety profile. It is commonly prescribed for respiratory, urinary tract, and ear infections, offering reliable bactericidal action by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Its once-daily dosing regimen enhances patient compliance, making it a preferred choice among healthcare providers for outpatient management of moderate infections. Suprax combines potent antimicrobial coverage with favorable pharmacokinetics, ensuring optimal tissue penetration and clinical outcomes.
Features
- Active ingredient: Cefixime
- Drug class: Third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic
- Available forms: Oral tablets, chewable tablets, and oral suspension
- Mechanism of action: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Spectrum: Broad activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- Dosing frequency: Typically once or twice daily, depending on indication
Benefits
- Effective against common pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli
- High oral bioavailability, ensuring consistent systemic absorption
- Convenient once-daily dosing supports adherence and reduces treatment complexity
- Well-tolerated profile with a low incidence of severe adverse effects
- Suitable for pediatric and adult populations, with suspension form available for children
- Rapid onset of action, often providing symptomatic relief within 48–72 hours
Common use
Suprax is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Common uses include acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It is also employed in the management of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Healthcare providers should base treatment decisions on culture and susceptibility results where possible, though empiric therapy is often initiated based on epidemiological and clinical data.
Dosage and direction
Dosage varies based on infection type, severity, patient age, and renal function. For most infections in adults and children over 12 years or weighing more than 50 kg, the typical dose is 400 mg once daily or divided as 200 mg every 12 hours. For pediatric patients, the oral suspension is dosed at 8 mg/kg/day, either once daily or in divided doses every 12 hours. In cases of renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min), dosage adjustment is necessary—often a maximum of 300 mg once daily. Administer with or without food; however, absorption may be enhanced when taken with a meal. Complete the full course of therapy even if symptoms improve earlier to prevent resistance.
Precautions
Use with caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis, as antibiotic use can predispose to Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Monitor renal function periodically in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Exercise care in patients with known hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics; although cross-reactivity with penicillins is lower in cephalosporins, it cannot be ruled out. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection. Not recommended for use in neonates or during pregnancy unless clearly needed—limited human data are available. Breastfeeding should be reconsidered during treatment due to excretion in milk.
Contraindications
Suprax is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cefixime, any cephalosporin, or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in individuals with a history of severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to beta-lactam antibiotics. Avoid administration in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <20 mL/min) unless benefits outweigh risks and appropriate dosage adjustments are implemented. Not indicated for the treatment of meningitis or other severe systemic infections requiring parenteral therapy.
Possible side effect
Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea (6.4%), nausea (3.8%), abdominal pain (2.7%), and dyspepsia. Less frequently, headache, dizziness, or transient elevations in liver enzymes may occur. Skin reactions like rash or pruritus are possible, usually mild. Rare but serious adverse effects include pseudomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hemolytic anemia, and anaphylaxis. Patients should be advised to discontinue use and seek medical attention if severe diarrhea, bloody stools, skin blistering, or signs of hypersensitivity develop.
Drug interaction
Probenecid may inhibit renal excretion of cefixime, increasing serum levels and prolonging half-life—monitor for enhanced effects or toxicity. Concurrent use with potent diuretics (e.g., furosemide) may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium can reduce absorption of cefixime; administer at least 2 hours apart. Warfarin interaction is possible due to potential alteration of gut flora affecting vitamin K production—monitor INR closely. Use with caution alongside other nephrotoxic agents (e.g., aminoglycosides, vancomycin). No significant interactions with oral contraceptives have been reported, but patients should be advised of theoretical risks.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Consistent adherence is important to maintain effective antibiotic concentrations and prevent resistance development. Patients should be counseled on the importance of completing the full prescribed course.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea. In severe cases, seizures or reversible encephalopathy could occur. Management is supportive; gastric lavage may be considered if ingestion was recent. Hemodialysis can remove cefixime, with approximately 50% clearance in 4 hours, and may be employed in significant overdose, especially in renal impairment. There is no specific antidote. Monitor electrolyte balance and renal function, and provide symptomatic care as needed.
Storage
Store tablets and powder for oral suspension at controlled room temperature (20–25°C or 68–77°F), in a dry place protected from light and moisture. Keep the container tightly closed. After reconstitution, the oral suspension is stable for 14 days when refrigerated (2–8°C or 36–46°F); do not freeze. Discard any unused portion after this period. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the packaging.
Disclaimer
This information is intended for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new medication or changing your treatment plan. Individual patient responses may vary, and only a licensed practitioner can determine the appropriate therapy based on specific clinical circumstances. The manufacturer’s prescribing information should be reviewed for comprehensive details.
Reviews
Clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance indicate high patient satisfaction with Suprax, particularly regarding its once-daily convenience and effectiveness in resolving common bacterial infections. Healthcare providers appreciate its reliable spectrum and tolerability, though some note the need for culture-guided use to curb resistance. In comparative trials, Suprax demonstrates non-inferiority to other oral cephalosporins, with a side effect profile consistent with its class. Longitudinal data support its role as a valuable option in outpatient antibiotic stewardship programs.