Kytril: Advanced Nausea and Vomiting Control for Chemotherapy Patients
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Synonyms | |||
Kytril (granisetron hydrochloride) is a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist specifically formulated for the prevention and management of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and postoperative conditions. Developed with a strong evidence base and extensive clinical validation, it offers targeted action on serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, providing reliable and sustained antiemetic coverage. Its efficacy, favorable safety profile, and flexible administration routes make it a cornerstone therapy in supportive oncology care and beyond.
Features
- Contains granisetron hydrochloride as the active pharmaceutical ingredient
- Available in multiple formulations: intravenous injection, oral tablets, and oral solution
- Selective and high-affinity binding to 5-HT3 receptors
- Rapid onset of action with effects observable within minutes for IV administration
- Long duration of efficacy, supporting both acute and delayed phase emesis control
- Demonstrated stability and compatibility with common infusion solutions
Benefits
- Effectively prevents and treats nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy
- Reduces the need for rescue antiemetic medication, improving patient comfort and treatment adherence
- Supports completion of chemotherapy cycles by mitigating one of the most distressing side effects
- Flexible dosing options allow for individualized treatment plans across clinical settings
- Well-tolerated profile with a low incidence of serious adverse events
- Contributes to improved quality of life during and after cancer treatment
Common use
Kytril is primarily indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is also used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In oncology, it is frequently administered prior to chemotherapeutic agents with high emetic risk, such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and cyclophosphamide. Its use extends to pediatric populations under careful supervision, and it is often incorporated into combination antiemetic regimens for enhanced coverage.
Dosage and direction
For chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), the recommended intravenous dose is 10 mcg/kg or a fixed dose of 1 mg, administered 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Oral tablets (1 mg or 2 mg) are typically given one hour before chemotherapy, with a second dose 12 hours later for some regimens. For radiotherapy-induced nausea, 2 mg orally once daily is advised. Postoperative nausea prevention involves 1 mg IV before induction of anesthesia. Always follow specific protocol guidelines and adjust based on clinical response and patient factors.
Precautions
Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, as granisetron is metabolized in the liver. Electrocardiographic monitoring is advised in patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions or those taking other QT-prolonging drugs. Kytril may mask progressive ileus or gastric distention following abdominal surgery. Patients should be advised that drowsiness may occur, affecting the ability to drive or operate machinery. Not recommended during pregnancy unless clearly needed; caution is advised in nursing mothers.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to granisetron or any component of the formulation. Concomitant use with apomorphine due to the risk of profound hypotension and loss of consciousness. Should not be administered to patients with congenital long QT syndrome or known history of symptomatic arrhythmias.
Possible side effect
Common side effects include headache (14–21%), constipation (3–11%), asthenia (5–18%), and diarrhea (1–9%). Less frequently, patients may experience dizziness, somnolence, fever, or transient elevations in liver enzymes. Serious but rare adverse events include QT prolongation, anaphylaxis, and serotonin syndrome (especially when used with other serotonergic drugs).
Drug interaction
Kytril may enhance the QT-prolonging effect of other drugs such as antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, and certain antibiotics. Concomitant use with drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole) may increase granisetron plasma concentrations. Use with serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs) could potentially increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is nearly time for the next dose. Do not double the dose. For scheduled chemotherapy or radiotherapy, contact the healthcare provider for guidance on timing and possible adjustment.
Overdose
Symptoms may include severe headache, dizziness, and blurred vision. There is no specific antidote; management should involve symptomatic and supportive care. Hemodialysis is unlikely to be effective due to high protein binding. ECG monitoring is recommended in cases of suspected overdose.
Storage
Store between 15–30°C (59–86°F). Protect from light. Keep the injection solution in the original carton until use. Do not freeze. Oral solution and tablets should be kept in a tightly closed container. Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Disclaimer
This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Kytril is a prescription medication and should be used only under the supervision of a qualified medical practitioner. Dosage and administration must be individualized based on clinical context, patient history, and institutional protocols. Always refer to the full prescribing information before use.
Reviews
Clinical studies and meta-analyses consistently demonstrate Kytril’s efficacy, with complete response rates (no emesis, no rescue) exceeding 70% in highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Physicians appreciate its reliability and flexibility in formulation. Patients report high satisfaction due to reduced emesis and improved tolerance of cancer treatment. Some critiques note the higher cost compared to older antiemetics, though many consider the clinical benefits to justify its use.