Keftab (cephalexin) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic indicated for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. As an expert-recommended option, it functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. Its broad-spectrum activity and reliable pharmacokinetic profile make it a frontline choice for clinicians managing susceptible gram-positive and some gram-negative pathogens. Proper diagnosis and adherence to prescribing guidelines are essential to maximize therapeutic outcomes and minimize resistance development.

Features

• Active ingredient: cephalexin 250 mg or 500 mg per tablet
• Pharmaceutical form: film-coated oral tablets
• Mechanism: bactericidal; inhibits cell wall synthesis
• Spectrum: effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and other susceptible organisms
• Bioavailability: well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
• Half-life: approximately 0.5–1.2 hours in adults with normal renal function
• Excretion: primarily renal

Benefits

• Rapid onset of action with measurable serum concentrations within 1 hour of administration
• High clinical cure rates for skin/soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary tract infections
• Favorable safety and tolerability profile in both adult and pediatric populations
• Convenient twice-daily dosing supports patient adherence
• Cost-effective generic availability increases accessibility
• Low potential for serious adverse events when used as directed

Common use

Keftab is commonly prescribed for bacterial infections such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia, skin and skin structure infections, bone infections, and genitourinary tract infections including cystitis and prostatitis. It is also used for surgical prophylaxis in certain procedures. Culture and susceptibility testing should be performed to guide therapy when possible.

Dosage and direction

The recommended adult dosage is 250 mg to 500 mg orally every 6 to 12 hours, depending on infection type and severity. For more severe infections, doses up to 4 grams daily may be used. Pediatric dosing is based on weight—25 to 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses. Administer with or without food; taking with food may minimize gastrointestinal upset. Complete the full prescribed course even if symptoms improve earlier.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; dosage adjustment is required. May cause Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, which can range from mild to life-threatening. Use in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Caution in breastfeeding women—cephalexin is excreted in human milk. Monitor for superinfection or fungal overgrowth. Perform periodic renal and hematopoietic function tests during prolonged therapy.

Contraindications

Keftab is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any cephalosporin antibiotic. Cross-sensitivity with penicillins may occur; avoid use in patients with a history of severe penicillin allergy (e.g., anaphylaxis).

Possible side effect

Common adverse reactions include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and dizziness. Less frequently, rash, urticaria, genital pruritus, vaginitis, and transient elevations in liver enzymes may occur. Serious but rare side effects include Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hemolytic anemia, and interstitial nephritis.

Drug interaction

Probenecid may reduce renal tubular secretion of cephalexin, increasing serum levels. Concomitant use with potent diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise alternative contraception. False-positive reactions for glucose in the urine may occur with Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Treatment is supportive; gastric lavage may be beneficial if performed soon after ingestion. Hemodialysis may aid in removal of the drug.

Storage

Store at room temperature (20–25°C). Protect from light and moisture. Keep in the original container. Do not use after the expiration date printed on the packaging. Keep out of reach of children.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Do not self-prescribe or share medication. The prescribing physician should review the full prescribing information before use.

Reviews

Clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance confirm Keftab’s efficacy and general tolerability. In a meta-analysis of respiratory tract infections, cephalexin demonstrated clinical success rates exceeding 85%. Patient feedback often highlights its ease of use and rapid symptom improvement, though some report mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance.